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ext3-extents-2.4.20.patch 72.18 KiB
Index: linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/extents.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/fs/ext3/extents.c	2003-01-30 13:24:37.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/extents.c	2004-01-28 20:01:16.000000000 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,2254 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2003 Alex Tomas <alex@clusterfs.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public Licens
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Extents support for EXT3
+ *
+ * TODO:
+ *   - ext3_ext_walk_space() sould not use ext3_ext_find_extent()
+ *   - ext3_ext_calc_credits() could take 'mergable' into account
+ *   - ext3*_error() should be used in some situations
+ *   - find_goal() [to be tested and improved]
+ *   - smart tree reduction
+ *   - arch-independence
+ *     common on-disk format for big/little-endian arch
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/ext3_jbd.h>
+#include <linux/jbd.h>
+#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
+#include <linux/highuid.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/quotaops.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/locks.h>
+#include <linux/ext3_extents.h>
+#include <asm/uaccess.h>
+
+static handle_t *ext3_ext_journal_restart(handle_t *handle, int needed)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (handle->h_buffer_credits > needed)
+		return handle;
+	if (!ext3_journal_extend(handle, needed))
+		return handle;
+	err = ext3_journal_restart(handle, needed);
+	
+	return handle;
+}
+
+static int inline
+ext3_ext_get_access_for_root(handle_t *h, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	if (tree->get_write_access)
+		return tree->get_write_access(h,tree->buffer);
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static int inline
+ext3_ext_mark_root_dirty(handle_t *h, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	if (tree->mark_buffer_dirty)
+		return tree->mark_buffer_dirty(h,tree->buffer);
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * could return:
+ *  - EROFS
+ *  - ENOMEM
+ */
+static int ext3_ext_get_access(handle_t *handle,
+				struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	if (path->p_bh) {
+		/* path points to block */
+		return ext3_journal_get_write_access(handle, path->p_bh);
+	}
+
+	/* path points to leaf/index in inode body */
+	return ext3_ext_get_access_for_root(handle, tree);
+}
+
+/*
+ * could return:
+ *  - EROFS
+ *  - ENOMEM
+ *  - EIO
+ */
+static int ext3_ext_dirty(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	if (path->p_bh) {
+		/* path points to block */
+		return ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, path->p_bh);
+	}
+
+	/* path points to leaf/index in inode body */
+	return ext3_ext_mark_root_dirty(handle, tree);
+}
+
+static int inline
+ext3_ext_new_block(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path, struct ext3_extent *ex,
+			int *err)
+{
+	int goal, depth, newblock;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree);
+	if (tree->new_block)
+		return tree->new_block(handle, tree, path, ex, err);
+
+	inode = tree->inode;
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	if (path && depth > 0) {
+		goal = path[depth-1].p_block;
+	} else {
+		struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+		unsigned long bg_start;
+		unsigned long colour;
+
+		bg_start = (ei->i_block_group *
+				EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb)) +
+			le32_to_cpu(EXT3_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_es->s_first_data_block);
+		colour = (current->pid % 16) *
+			(EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb) / 16);
+		goal = bg_start + colour;
+	}
+
+	newblock = ext3_new_block(handle, inode, goal, 0, 0, err);
+	return newblock;
+}
+
+static inline int ext3_ext_space_block(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	int size;
+
+	size = (tree->inode->i_sb->s_blocksize -
+			sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header))
+				/ sizeof(struct ext3_extent);
+#ifdef AGRESSIVE_TEST
+	size = 6;
+#endif
+	return size;
+}
+
+static inline int ext3_ext_space_block_idx(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	int size;
+
+	size = (tree->inode->i_sb->s_blocksize -
+			sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header))
+				/ sizeof(struct ext3_extent_idx);
+#ifdef AGRESSIVE_TEST
+	size = 5;
+#endif
+	return size;
+}
+
+static inline int ext3_ext_space_root(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	int size;
+
+	size = (tree->buffer_len - sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header))
+			/ sizeof(struct ext3_extent);
+#ifdef AGRESSIVE_TEST
+	size = 3;
+#endif
+	return size;
+}
+
+static inline int ext3_ext_space_root_idx(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	int size;
+
+	size = (tree->buffer_len -
+			sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header))
+			/ sizeof(struct ext3_extent_idx);
+#ifdef AGRESSIVE_TEST
+	size = 4;
+#endif
+	return size;
+}
+
+static void ext3_ext_show_path(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+#ifdef EXT_DEBUG
+	int k, l = path->p_depth;
+
+	ext_debug(tree, "path:");
+	for (k = 0; k <= l; k++, path++) {
+		if (path->p_idx) {
+			ext_debug(tree, "  %d->%d", path->p_idx->e_block,
+					path->p_idx->e_leaf);
+		} else if (path->p_ext) {
+			ext_debug(tree, "  %d:%d:%d",
+					path->p_ext->e_block,
+					path->p_ext->e_num,
+					path->p_ext->e_start);
+		} else
+			ext_debug(tree, "  []");
+	}
+	ext_debug(tree, "\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ext3_ext_show_leaf(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+#ifdef EXT_DEBUG
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh;
+	struct ext3_extent *ex;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!path)
+		return;
+
+	eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+	ex = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_num; i++, ex++) {
+		ext_debug(tree, "%d:%d:%d ",
+				ex->e_block, ex->e_num, ex->e_start);
+	}
+	ext_debug(tree, "\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ext3_ext_drop_refs(struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	int depth = path->p_depth;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i <= depth; i++, path++)
+		if (path->p_bh) {
+			brelse(path->p_bh);
+			path->p_bh = NULL;
+		}
+}
+
+/*
+ * binary search for closest index by given block
+ */
+static inline void
+ext3_ext_binsearch_idx(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path, int block)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh = path->p_hdr;
+	struct ext3_extent_idx *ix;
+	int l = 0, k, r;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_magic == EXT3_EXT_MAGIC);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_num <= eh->e_max);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_num > 0);
+
+	ext_debug(tree, "binsearch for %d(idx):  ", block);
+
+	path->p_idx = ix = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(eh);
+
+	r = k = eh->e_num;
+	while (k > 1) {
+		k = (r - l) / 2;
+		if (block < ix[l + k].e_block)
+			r -= k;
+		else
+			l += k;
+		ext_debug(tree, "%d:%d:%d ", k, l, r);
+	}
+
+	ix += l;
+	path->p_idx = ix;
+	ext_debug(tree, "  -> %d->%d ", path->p_idx->e_block, path->p_idx->e_leaf);
+
+	while (l++ < r) {
+		if (block < ix->e_block) 
+			break;
+		path->p_idx = ix++;
+	}
+	ext_debug(tree, "  -> %d->%d\n", path->p_idx->e_block,
+			path->p_idx->e_leaf);
+
+#ifdef CHECK_BINSEARCH 
+	{
+		struct ext3_extent_idx *chix;
+
+		chix = ix = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(eh);
+		for (k = 0; k < eh->e_num; k++, ix++) {
+			if (k != 0 && ix->e_block <= ix[-1].e_block) {
+				printk("k=%d, ix=0x%p, first=0x%p\n", k,
+					ix, EXT_FIRST_INDEX(eh));
+				printk("%u <= %u\n",
+					ix->e_block,ix[-1].e_block);
+			}
+			EXT_ASSERT(k == 0 || ix->e_block > ix[-1].e_block);
+			if (block < ix->e_block) 
+				break;
+			chix = ix;
+		}
+		EXT_ASSERT(chix == path->p_idx);
+	}
+#endif
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * binary search for closest extent by given block
+ */
+static inline void
+ext3_ext_binsearch(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path, int block)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh = path->p_hdr;
+	struct ext3_extent *ex;
+	int l = 0, k, r;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_magic == EXT3_EXT_MAGIC);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_num <= eh->e_max);
+
+	if (eh->e_num == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * this leaf is empty yet:
+		 *  we get such a leaf in split/add case
+		 */
+		return;
+	}
+	
+	ext_debug(tree, "binsearch for %d:  ", block);
+
+	path->p_ext = ex = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh);
+
+	r = k = eh->e_num;
+	while (k > 1) {
+		k = (r - l) / 2;
+		if (block < ex[l + k].e_block)
+			r -= k;
+		else
+			l += k;
+		ext_debug(tree, "%d:%d:%d ", k, l, r);
+	}
+
+	ex += l;
+	path->p_ext = ex;
+	ext_debug(tree, "  -> %d:%d:%d ", path->p_ext->e_block,
+			path->p_ext->e_start, path->p_ext->e_num);
+
+	while (l++ < r) {
+		if (block < ex->e_block) 
+			break;
+		path->p_ext = ex++;
+	}
+	ext_debug(tree, "  -> %d:%d:%d\n", path->p_ext->e_block,
+			path->p_ext->e_start, path->p_ext->e_num);
+
+#ifdef CHECK_BINSEARCH 
+	{
+		struct ext3_extent *chex;
+
+		chex = ex = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh);
+		for (k = 0; k < eh->e_num; k++, ex++) {
+			EXT_ASSERT(k == 0 || ex->e_block > ex[-1].e_block);
+			if (block < ex->e_block) 
+				break;
+			chex = ex;
+		}
+		EXT_ASSERT(chex == path->p_ext);
+	}
+#endif
+
+}
+
+int ext3_extent_tree_init(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh;
+
+	BUG_ON(tree->buffer_len == 0);
+	ext3_ext_get_access_for_root(handle, tree);
+	eh = EXT_ROOT_HDR(tree);
+	eh->e_depth = 0;
+	eh->e_num = 0;
+	eh->e_magic = EXT3_EXT_MAGIC;
+	eh->e_max = ext3_ext_space_root(tree);
+	ext3_ext_mark_root_dirty(handle, tree);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct ext3_ext_path *
+ext3_ext_find_extent(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree, int block,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int depth, i, ppos = 0;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree);
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree->inode);
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree->root);
+
+	eh = EXT_ROOT_HDR(tree);
+	i = depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_max);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_magic == EXT3_EXT_MAGIC);
+	EXT_ASSERT(i == 0 || eh->e_num > 0);
+	
+	/* account possible depth increase */
+	if (!path) {
+		path = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ext3_ext_path) * (depth + 2),
+				GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!path)
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+	memset(path, 0, sizeof(struct ext3_ext_path) * (depth + 1));
+	path[0].p_hdr = eh;
+
+	/* walk through the tree */
+	while (i) {
+		ext_debug(tree, "depth %d: num %d, max %d\n",
+				ppos, eh->e_num, eh->e_max);
+		ext3_ext_binsearch_idx(tree, path + ppos, block);
+		path[ppos].p_block = path[ppos].p_idx->e_leaf;
+		path[ppos].p_depth = i;
+		path[ppos].p_ext = NULL;
+
+		bh = sb_bread(tree->inode->i_sb, path[ppos].p_block);
+		if (!bh) {
+			ext3_ext_drop_refs(path);
+			kfree(path);
+			return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+		}
+		eh = EXT_BLOCK_HDR(bh);
+		ppos++;
+		EXT_ASSERT(ppos <= depth);
+		path[ppos].p_bh = bh;
+		path[ppos].p_hdr = eh;
+		i--;
+	}
+
+	path[ppos].p_depth = i;
+	path[ppos].p_hdr = eh;
+	path[ppos].p_ext = NULL;
+
+	/* find extent */
+	ext3_ext_binsearch(tree, path + ppos, block);
+
+	ext3_ext_show_path(tree, path);
+
+	return path;
+}
+
+/*
+ * insert new index [logical;ptr] into the block at cupr
+ * it check where to insert: before curp or after curp
+ */
+static int ext3_ext_insert_index(handle_t *handle,
+				struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *curp,
+				int logical, int ptr)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_idx *ix;
+	int len, err;
+
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, curp)))
+		return err;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(logical != curp->p_idx->e_block);
+	len = EXT_MAX_INDEX(curp->p_hdr) - curp->p_idx;
+	if (logical > curp->p_idx->e_block) {
+		/* insert after */
+		if (curp->p_idx != EXT_LAST_INDEX(curp->p_hdr)) {
+			len = (len - 1) * sizeof(struct ext3_extent_idx);
+			len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
+			ext_debug(tree, "insert new index %d after: %d. "
+					"move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
+					logical, ptr, len,
+					(curp->p_idx + 1), (curp->p_idx + 2));
+			memmove(curp->p_idx + 2, curp->p_idx + 1, len);
+		}
+		ix = curp->p_idx + 1;
+	} else {
+		/* insert before */
+		len = len * sizeof(struct ext3_extent_idx);
+		len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
+		ext_debug(tree, "insert new index %d before: %d. "
+				"move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
+				logical, ptr, len,
+				curp->p_idx, (curp->p_idx + 1));
+		memmove(curp->p_idx + 1, curp->p_idx, len);
+		ix = curp->p_idx;
+	}
+
+	ix->e_block = logical;
+	ix->e_leaf = ptr;
+	curp->p_hdr->e_num++;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(curp->p_hdr->e_num <= curp->p_hdr->e_max);
+	EXT_ASSERT(ix <= EXT_LAST_INDEX(curp->p_hdr));
+
+	err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, curp);
+	ext3_std_error(tree->inode->i_sb, err);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * routine inserts new subtree into the path, using free index entry
+ * at depth 'at:
+ *  - allocates all needed blocks (new leaf and all intermediate index blocks)
+ *  - makes decision where to split
+ *  - moves remaining extens and index entries (right to the split point)
+ *    into the newly allocated blocks
+ *  - initialize subtree
+ */
+static int ext3_ext_split(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+				struct ext3_extent *newext, int at)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	struct ext3_extent_header *neh;
+	struct ext3_extent_idx *fidx;
+	struct ext3_extent *ex;
+	int i = at, k, m, a;
+	unsigned long newblock, oldblock, border;
+	int *ablocks = NULL; /* array of allocated blocks */
+	int err = 0;
+
+	/* make decision: where to split? */
+	/* FIXME: now desicion is simplest: at current extent */
+
+	/* if current leaf will be splitted, then we should use 
+	 * border from split point */
+	EXT_ASSERT(path[depth].p_ext <= EXT_MAX_EXTENT(path[depth].p_hdr));
+	if (path[depth].p_ext != EXT_MAX_EXTENT(path[depth].p_hdr)) {
+		border = path[depth].p_ext[1].e_block;
+		ext_debug(tree, "leaf will be splitted."
+				" next leaf starts at %d\n",
+				(int)border);
+	} else {
+		border = newext->e_block;
+		ext_debug(tree, "leaf will be added."
+				" next leaf starts at %d\n",
+				(int)border);
+	}
+
+	/* 
+	 * if error occurs, then we break processing
+	 * and turn filesystem read-only. so, index won't
+	 * be inserted and tree will be in consistent
+	 * state. next mount will repair buffers too
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * get array to track all allocated blocks
+	 * we need this to handle errors and free blocks
+	 * upon them
+	 */
+	ablocks = kmalloc(sizeof(unsigned long) * depth, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ablocks)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	memset(ablocks, 0, sizeof(unsigned long) * depth);
+
+	/* allocate all needed blocks */
+	ext_debug(tree, "allocate %d blocks for indexes/leaf\n", depth - at);
+	for (a = 0; a < depth - at; a++) {
+		newblock = ext3_ext_new_block(handle, tree, path, newext, &err);
+		if (newblock == 0)
+			goto cleanup;
+		ablocks[a] = newblock;
+	}
+
+	/* initialize new leaf */
+	newblock = ablocks[--a];
+	EXT_ASSERT(newblock);
+	bh = sb_getblk(tree->inode->i_sb, newblock);
+	if (!bh) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	lock_buffer(bh);
+
+	if ((err = ext3_journal_get_create_access(handle, bh)))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	neh = EXT_BLOCK_HDR(bh);
+	neh->e_num = 0;
+	neh->e_max = ext3_ext_space_block(tree);
+	neh->e_magic = EXT3_EXT_MAGIC;
+	neh->e_depth = 0;
+	ex = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(neh);
+
+	/* move remain of path[depth] to the new leaf */
+	EXT_ASSERT(path[depth].p_hdr->e_num == path[depth].p_hdr->e_max);
+	/* start copy from next extent */
+	/* TODO: we could do it by single memmove */
+	m = 0;
+	path[depth].p_ext++;
+	while (path[depth].p_ext <=
+			EXT_MAX_EXTENT(path[depth].p_hdr)) {
+		ext_debug(tree, "move %d:%d:%d in new leaf\n",
+				path[depth].p_ext->e_block,
+				path[depth].p_ext->e_start,
+				path[depth].p_ext->e_num);
+		memmove(ex++, path[depth].p_ext++,
+				sizeof(struct ext3_extent));
+		neh->e_num++;
+		m++;
+	}
+	mark_buffer_uptodate(bh, 1);
+	unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+	if ((err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh)))
+		goto cleanup;	
+	brelse(bh);
+	bh = NULL;
+
+	/* correct old leaf */
+	if (m) {
+		if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path)))
+			goto cleanup;
+		path[depth].p_hdr->e_num -= m;
+		if ((err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path)))
+			goto cleanup;
+		
+	}
+
+	/* create intermediate indexes */
+	k = depth - at - 1;
+	EXT_ASSERT(k >= 0);
+	if (k)
+		ext_debug(tree,	"create %d intermediate indices\n", k);
+	/* insert new index into current index block */
+	/* current depth stored in i var */
+	i = depth - 1;
+	while (k--) {
+		oldblock = newblock;
+		newblock = ablocks[--a];
+		bh = sb_getblk(tree->inode->i_sb, newblock);
+		if (!bh) {
+			err = -EIO;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+
+		if ((err = ext3_journal_get_create_access(handle, bh)))
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		neh = EXT_BLOCK_HDR(bh);
+		neh->e_num = 1;
+		neh->e_magic = EXT3_EXT_MAGIC;
+		neh->e_max = ext3_ext_space_block_idx(tree);
+		neh->e_depth = depth - i; 
+		fidx = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(neh);
+		fidx->e_block = border;
+		fidx->e_leaf = oldblock;
+
+		ext_debug(tree,	"int.index at %d (block %lu): %lu -> %lu\n",
+				i, newblock, border, oldblock);
+		/* copy indexes */
+		m = 0;
+		path[i].p_idx++;
+
+		ext_debug(tree, "cur 0x%p, last 0x%p\n", path[i].p_idx,
+				EXT_MAX_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr));
+		EXT_ASSERT(EXT_MAX_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr) ==
+				EXT_LAST_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr));
+		while (path[i].p_idx <= EXT_MAX_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr)) {
+			ext_debug(tree, "%d: move %d:%d in new index\n",
+					i, path[i].p_idx->e_block,
+					path[i].p_idx->e_leaf);
+			memmove(++fidx, path[i].p_idx++,
+					sizeof(struct ext3_extent_idx));
+			neh->e_num++;
+			EXT_ASSERT(neh->e_num <= neh->e_max);
+			m++;
+		}
+		mark_buffer_uptodate(bh, 1);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+		if ((err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh)))
+			goto cleanup;
+		brelse(bh);
+		bh = NULL;
+
+		/* correct old index */
+		if (m) {
+			err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + i);
+			if (err)
+				goto cleanup;
+			path[i].p_hdr->e_num -= m;
+			err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + i);
+			if (err)
+				goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		i--;
+	}
+
+	/* insert new index */
+	if (!err)
+		err = ext3_ext_insert_index(handle, tree, path + at,
+						border, newblock);
+
+cleanup:
+	if (bh) {
+		if (buffer_locked(bh))
+			unlock_buffer(bh);
+		brelse(bh);
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		/* free all allocated blocks in error case */
+		for (i = 0; i < depth; i++)
+			if (!ablocks[i])
+				continue;
+			ext3_free_blocks(handle, tree->inode, ablocks[i], 1);
+	}
+	kfree(ablocks);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * routine implements tree growing procedure:
+ *  - allocates new block
+ *  - moves top-level data (index block or leaf) into the new block
+ *  - initialize new top-level, creating index that points to the
+ *    just created block
+ */
+static int ext3_ext_grow_indepth(handle_t *handle,
+					struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+					struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+					struct ext3_extent *newext)
+{
+	struct ext3_ext_path *curp = path;
+	struct ext3_extent_header *neh;
+	struct ext3_extent_idx *fidx;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	unsigned long newblock;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	newblock = ext3_ext_new_block(handle, tree, path, newext, &err);
+	if (newblock == 0)
+		return err;
+
+	bh = sb_getblk(tree->inode->i_sb, newblock);
+	if (!bh) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		ext3_std_error(tree->inode->i_sb, err);
+		return err;
+	}
+	lock_buffer(bh);
+
+	if ((err = ext3_journal_get_create_access(handle, bh))) {
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+		goto out;	
+	}
+
+	/* move top-level index/leaf into new block */
+	memmove(bh->b_data, curp->p_hdr, tree->buffer_len);
+
+	/* set size of new block */
+	neh = EXT_BLOCK_HDR(bh);
+	/* old root could have indexes or leaves
+	 * so calculate e_max right way */
+	if (EXT_DEPTH(tree))
+		neh->e_max = ext3_ext_space_block_idx(tree);
+	else
+		neh->e_max = ext3_ext_space_block(tree);
+	neh->e_magic = EXT3_EXT_MAGIC;
+	mark_buffer_uptodate(bh, 1);
+	unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+	if ((err = ext3_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh)))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* create index in new top-level index: num,max,pointer */
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, curp)))
+		goto out;
+
+	curp->p_hdr->e_magic = EXT3_EXT_MAGIC;
+	curp->p_hdr->e_max = ext3_ext_space_root_idx(tree);
+	curp->p_hdr->e_num = 1;
+	curp->p_idx = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(curp->p_hdr);
+	/* FIXME: it works, but actually path[0] can be index */
+	curp->p_idx->e_block = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(path[0].p_hdr)->e_block;
+	curp->p_idx->e_leaf = newblock;
+
+	neh = EXT_ROOT_HDR(tree);
+	fidx = EXT_FIRST_INDEX(neh);
+	ext_debug(tree, "new root: num %d(%d), lblock %d, ptr %d\n",
+			neh->e_num, neh->e_max, fidx->e_block, fidx->e_leaf); 
+
+	neh->e_depth = path->p_depth + 1;
+	err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, curp);
+out:
+	brelse(bh);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * routine finds empty index and adds new leaf. if no free index found
+ * then it requests in-depth growing
+ */
+static int ext3_ext_create_new_leaf(handle_t *handle,
+					struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+					struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+					struct ext3_extent *newext)
+{
+	struct ext3_ext_path *curp;
+	int depth, i, err = 0;
+
+repeat:
+	i = depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	
+	/* walk up to the tree and look for free index entry */
+	curp = path + depth;
+	while (i > 0 && !EXT_HAS_FREE_INDEX(curp)) {
+		i--;
+		curp--;
+	}
+
+	/* we use already allocated block for index block
+	 * so, subsequent data blocks should be contigoues */
+	if (EXT_HAS_FREE_INDEX(curp)) {
+		/* if we found index with free entry, then use that
+		 * entry: create all needed subtree and add new leaf */
+		err = ext3_ext_split(handle, tree, path, newext, i);
+
+		/* refill path */
+		ext3_ext_drop_refs(path);
+		path = ext3_ext_find_extent(tree, newext->e_block, path);
+		if (IS_ERR(path))
+			err = PTR_ERR(path);
+	} else {
+		/* tree is full, time to grow in depth */
+		err = ext3_ext_grow_indepth(handle, tree, path, newext);
+
+		/* refill path */
+		ext3_ext_drop_refs(path);
+		path = ext3_ext_find_extent(tree, newext->e_block, path);
+		if (IS_ERR(path))
+			err = PTR_ERR(path);
+
+		/*
+		 * only first (depth 0 -> 1) produces free space
+		 * in all other cases we have to split growed tree
+		 */
+		depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+		if (path[depth].p_hdr->e_num == path[depth].p_hdr->e_max) {
+			/* now we need split */
+			goto repeat;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns allocated block in subsequent extent or 0xffffffff
+ * NOTE: it consider block number from index entry as
+ * allocated block. thus, index entries have to be consistent
+ * with leafs
+ */
+static unsigned long
+ext3_ext_next_allocated_block(struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	int depth;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(path != NULL);
+	depth = path->p_depth;
+
+	if (depth == 0 && path->p_ext == NULL)
+		return 0xffffffff;
+
+	/* FIXME: what if index isn't full ?! */
+	while (depth >= 0) {
+		if (depth == path->p_depth) {
+			/* leaf */
+			if (path[depth].p_ext !=
+					EXT_LAST_EXTENT(path[depth].p_hdr))
+				return path[depth].p_ext[1].e_block;
+		} else {
+			/* index */
+			if (path[depth].p_idx !=
+					EXT_LAST_INDEX(path[depth].p_hdr))
+				return path[depth].p_idx[1].e_block;
+		}
+		depth--;        
+	}
+
+	return 0xffffffff;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns first allocated block from next leaf or 0xffffffff
+ */
+static unsigned ext3_ext_next_leaf_block(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+                                               struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	int depth;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(path != NULL);
+	depth = path->p_depth;
+
+	/* zero-tree has no leaf blocks at all */
+	if (depth == 0)
+		return 0xffffffff;
+
+	/* go to index block */
+	depth--;
+	
+	while (depth >= 0) {
+		if (path[depth].p_idx !=
+				EXT_LAST_INDEX(path[depth].p_hdr))
+			return path[depth].p_idx[1].e_block;
+		depth--;        
+	}
+
+	return 0xffffffff;
+}
+
+/*
+ * if leaf gets modified and modified extent is first in the leaf
+ * then we have to correct all indexes above
+ * TODO: do we need to correct tree in all cases?
+ */
+int ext3_ext_correct_indexes(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh;
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);	
+	struct ext3_extent *ex;
+	unsigned long border;
+	int k, err = 0;
+	
+	eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+	ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+	EXT_ASSERT(ex);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh);
+	
+	if (depth == 0) {
+		/* there is no tree at all */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	
+	if (ex != EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh)) {
+		/* we correct tree if first leaf got modified only */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	
+	/*
+	 * TODO: we need correction if border is smaller then current one
+	 */
+	k = depth - 1;
+	border = path[depth].p_ext->e_block;
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + k)))
+		return err;
+	path[k].p_idx->e_block = border;
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + k)))
+		return err;
+
+	while (k--) {
+		/* change all left-side indexes */
+		if (path[k+1].p_idx != EXT_FIRST_INDEX(path[k+1].p_hdr))
+			break;
+		if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + k)))
+			break;
+		path[k].p_idx->e_block = border;
+		if ((err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + k)))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int inline
+ext3_can_extents_be_merged(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_extent *ex1,
+				struct ext3_extent *ex2)
+{
+	if (ex1->e_block + ex1->e_num != ex2->e_block)
+		return 0;
+
+#ifdef AGRESSIVE_TEST
+	if (ex1->e_num >= 4)
+		return 0;
+#endif
+
+	if (!tree->mergable)
+		return 1;
+
+	return tree->mergable(ex1, ex2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * this routine tries to merge requsted extent into the existing
+ * extent or inserts requested extent as new one into the tree,
+ * creating new leaf in no-space case
+ */
+int ext3_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+				struct ext3_extent *newext)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_header * eh;
+	struct ext3_extent *ex, *fex;
+	struct ext3_extent *nearex; /* nearest extent */
+	struct ext3_ext_path *npath = NULL;
+	int depth, len, err, next;
+
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+
+	/* try to insert block into found extent and return */
+	if (ex && ext3_can_extents_be_merged(tree, ex, newext)) {
+		ext_debug(tree, "append %d block to %d:%d (from %d)\n",
+				newext->e_num, ex->e_block, ex->e_num,
+				ex->e_start);
+		if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + depth)))
+			return err;
+		ex->e_num += newext->e_num;
+		err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + depth);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+repeat:
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+	if (eh->e_num < eh->e_max)
+		goto has_space;
+
+	/* probably next leaf has space for us? */
+	fex = EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh);
+	next = ext3_ext_next_leaf_block(tree, path);
+	if (newext->e_block > fex->e_block && next != 0xffffffff) {
+		ext_debug(tree, "next leaf block - %d\n", next);
+		EXT_ASSERT(!npath);
+		npath = ext3_ext_find_extent(tree, next, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(npath))
+			return PTR_ERR(npath);
+		EXT_ASSERT(npath->p_depth == path->p_depth);
+		eh = npath[depth].p_hdr;
+		if (eh->e_num < eh->e_max) {
+			ext_debug(tree,	"next leaf isnt full(%d)\n",
+					eh->e_num);
+			path = npath;
+			goto repeat;
+		}
+		ext_debug(tree, "next leaf hasno free space(%d,%d)\n",
+				eh->e_num, eh->e_max);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * there is no free space in found leaf
+	 * we're gonna add new leaf in the tree
+	 */
+	err = ext3_ext_create_new_leaf(handle, tree, path, newext);
+	if (err)
+		goto cleanup;
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+
+has_space:
+	nearex = path[depth].p_ext;
+
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + depth)))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (!nearex) {
+		/* there is no extent in this leaf, create first one */
+		ext_debug(tree, "first extent in the leaf: %d:%d:%d\n",
+				newext->e_block, newext->e_start,
+				newext->e_num);
+		path[depth].p_ext = EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh);
+	} else if (newext->e_block > nearex->e_block) {
+		EXT_ASSERT(newext->e_block != nearex->e_block);
+		if (nearex != EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh)) {
+			len = EXT_MAX_EXTENT(eh) - nearex;
+			len = (len - 1) * sizeof(struct ext3_extent);
+			len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
+			ext_debug(tree, "insert %d:%d:%d after: nearest 0x%p, "
+					"move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
+					newext->e_block, newext->e_start,
+					newext->e_num,
+					nearex, len, nearex + 1, nearex + 2);
+			memmove(nearex + 2, nearex + 1, len);
+		}
+		path[depth].p_ext = nearex + 1;
+	} else {
+		EXT_ASSERT(newext->e_block != nearex->e_block);
+		len = (EXT_MAX_EXTENT(eh) - nearex) * sizeof(struct ext3_extent);
+		len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
+		ext_debug(tree, "insert %d:%d:%d before: nearest 0x%p, "
+				"move %d from 0x%p to 0x%p\n",
+				newext->e_block, newext->e_start, newext->e_num,
+				nearex, len, nearex + 1, nearex + 2);
+		memmove(nearex + 1, nearex, len);
+		path[depth].p_ext = nearex;
+	}
+
+	eh->e_num++;
+	nearex = path[depth].p_ext;
+	nearex->e_block = newext->e_block;
+	nearex->e_start = newext->e_start;
+	nearex->e_num = newext->e_num;
+
+	/* time to correct all indexes above */
+	err = ext3_ext_correct_indexes(handle, tree, path);
+	if (err)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + depth);
+
+cleanup:
+	if (npath) {
+		ext3_ext_drop_refs(npath);
+		kfree(npath);
+	}
+		
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ext3_ext_walk_space(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree, unsigned long block,
+			unsigned long num, ext_prepare_callback func)
+{
+	struct ext3_ext_path *path = NULL;
+	struct ext3_extent *ex, cbex;
+	unsigned long next, start = 0, end = 0;
+	int depth, exists, err = 0;
+
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree);
+	EXT_ASSERT(func);
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree->inode);
+	EXT_ASSERT(tree->root);
+
+	while (num > 0 && block != 0xfffffffff) {
+		/* find extent for this block */
+		path = ext3_ext_find_extent(tree, block, path);
+		if (IS_ERR(path)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(path);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+		ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+		next = ext3_ext_next_allocated_block(path);
+
+		exists = 0;
+		if (!ex) {
+			/* there is no extent yet, so try to allocate
+			 * all requested space */
+			start = block;
+			end = block + num - 1;
+		} else if (ex->e_block > block) {
+			/* need to allocate space before found extent */
+			start = block;
+			end = ex->e_block - 1;
+			if (block + num - 1 < end)
+				end = block + num - 1;
+		} else if (block >= ex->e_block + ex->e_num) {
+			/* need to allocate space after found extent */
+			start = block;
+			end = block + num - 1;
+			if (end >= next)
+				end = next - 1;
+		} else if (block >= ex->e_block) {
+			/* 
+			 * some part of requested space is covered
+			 * by found extent
+			 */
+			start = block;
+			end = ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1;
+			if (block + num - 1 < end)
+				end = block + num - 1;
+			exists = 1;
+		} else {
+			BUG();
+		}
+
+		if (!exists) {
+			cbex.e_block = start;
+			cbex.e_num = end - start + 1;
+			cbex.e_start = 0;
+		} else
+			cbex = *ex;
+
+		err = func(tree, path, &cbex, exists);
+		if (err < 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (err == EXT_BREAK) {
+			err = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (EXT_DEPTH(tree) != depth) {
+			/* depth was changed. we have to realloc path */
+			ext3_ext_drop_refs(path);
+			kfree(path);
+			path = NULL;
+		}
+
+		block += cbex.e_num;
+		num -= cbex.e_num;
+	}
+
+	if (path) {
+		ext3_ext_drop_refs(path);
+		kfree(path);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static inline void
+ext3_ext_invalidate_cache(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree)
+{
+	if (tree->cex)
+		tree->cex->e_num = 0;
+}
+
+static inline void
+ext3_ext_put_in_cache(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree, struct ext3_extent *ex)
+{
+	if (tree->cex) {
+		EXT_ASSERT(ex);
+		EXT_ASSERT(ex->e_num);
+		tree->cex->e_block = ex->e_block;
+		tree->cex->e_start = ex->e_start;
+		tree->cex->e_num = ex->e_num;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * this routine calculate boundaries of the gap requested block fits into
+ * and cache this gap
+ */
+static inline void
+ext3_ext_put_gap_in_cache(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+				unsigned long block)
+{
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	struct ext3_extent *ex, gex;
+
+	if (!tree->cex)
+		return;
+
+	ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+	if (ex == NULL) {
+		/* there is no extent yet, so gap is [0;-] */
+		gex.e_block = 0;
+		gex.e_num = 0xffffffff;
+		ext_debug(tree, "cache gap(whole file):");
+	} else if (block < ex->e_block) {
+		gex.e_block = block;
+		gex.e_num = ex->e_block - block;
+		ext_debug(tree, "cache gap(before): %lu [%lu:%lu]",
+				(unsigned long) block,
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_block,
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_num);
+	} else if (block >= ex->e_block + ex->e_num) {
+		gex.e_block = ex->e_block + ex->e_num;
+		gex.e_num = ext3_ext_next_allocated_block(path);
+		ext_debug(tree, "cache gap(after): [%lu:%lu] %lu",
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_block,
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_num,
+				(unsigned long) block);
+		EXT_ASSERT(gex.e_num > gex.e_block);
+		gex.e_num = gex.e_num - gex.e_block;
+	} else {
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	ext_debug(tree, " -> %lu:%lu\n", (unsigned long) gex.e_block,
+			(unsigned long) gex.e_num);
+	gex.e_start = 0xffffffff;
+	ext3_ext_put_in_cache(tree, &gex);
+}
+
+static inline int
+ext3_ext_in_cache(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree, unsigned long block,
+			struct ext3_extent *ex)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent *cex = tree->cex;
+
+	/* is there cache storage at all? */
+	if (!cex)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* has cache valid data? */
+	if (cex->e_num == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (block >= cex->e_block && block < cex->e_block + cex->e_num) {
+		ex->e_block = cex->e_block;
+		ex->e_start = cex->e_start;
+		ex->e_num = cex->e_num;
+		ext_debug(tree, "%lu cached by %lu:%lu:%lu\n",
+				(unsigned long) block,
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_block,
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_num,
+				(unsigned long) ex->e_start);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* not in cache */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * routine removes index from the index block
+ * it's used in truncate case only. thus all requests are for
+ * last index in the block only
+ */
+int ext3_ext_rm_idx(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	int err;
+	
+	/* free index block */
+	path--;
+	EXT_ASSERT(path->p_hdr->e_num);
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path)))
+		return err;
+	path->p_hdr->e_num--;
+	if ((err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path)))
+		return err;
+	ext_debug(tree, "index is empty, remove it, free block %d\n",
+			path->p_idx->e_leaf);
+	bh = sb_get_hash_table(tree->inode->i_sb, path->p_idx->e_leaf);
+	ext3_forget(handle, 0, tree->inode, bh, path->p_idx->e_leaf);
+	ext3_free_blocks(handle, tree->inode, path->p_idx->e_leaf, 1);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ext3_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+					struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	int needed;
+
+	if (path) {
+		/* probably there is space in leaf? */
+		if (path[depth].p_hdr->e_num < path[depth].p_hdr->e_max)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	
+	/*
+	 * the worste case we're expecting is creation of the
+	 * new root (growing in depth) with index splitting
+	 * for splitting we have to consider depth + 1 because
+	 * previous growing could increase it
+	 */
+	depth = depth + 1;
+
+	/* 
+	 * growing in depth:
+	 * block allocation + new root + old root
+	 */
+	needed = EXT3_ALLOC_NEEDED + 2;
+
+	/* index split. we may need:
+	 *   allocate intermediate indexes and new leaf
+	 *   change two blocks at each level, but root
+	 *   modify root block (inode)
+	 */
+	needed += (depth * EXT3_ALLOC_NEEDED) + (2 * depth) + 1;
+
+	return needed;
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_ext_split_for_rm(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path, unsigned long start,
+			unsigned long end)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent *ex, tex;
+	struct ext3_ext_path *npath;
+	int depth, creds, err;
+
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	ex = path[depth].p_ext;
+	EXT_ASSERT(ex);
+	EXT_ASSERT(end < ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1);
+	EXT_ASSERT(ex->e_block < start);
+
+	/* calculate tail extent */
+	tex.e_block = end + 1;
+	EXT_ASSERT(tex.e_block < ex->e_block + ex->e_num);
+	tex.e_num = ex->e_block + ex->e_num - tex.e_block;
+
+	creds = ext3_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(tree, path);
+	handle = ext3_ext_journal_restart(handle, creds);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		return PTR_ERR(handle);
+	
+	/* calculate head extent. use primary extent */
+	err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + depth);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	ex->e_num = start - ex->e_block;
+	err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + depth);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* FIXME: some callback to free underlying resource
+	 * and correct e_start? */
+	ext_debug(tree, "split extent: head %u:%u, tail %u:%u\n",
+			ex->e_block, ex->e_num, tex.e_block, tex.e_num);
+
+	npath = ext3_ext_find_extent(tree, ex->e_block, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(npath))
+		return PTR_ERR(npath);
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	EXT_ASSERT(npath[depth].p_ext->e_block == ex->e_block);
+	EXT_ASSERT(npath[depth].p_ext->e_num == ex->e_num);
+
+	err = ext3_ext_insert_extent(handle, tree, npath, &tex);
+	ext3_ext_drop_refs(npath);
+	kfree(npath);
+
+	return err;
+			
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_ext_rm_leaf(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path, unsigned long start,
+			unsigned long end)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent *ex, *fu = NULL, *lu, *le;
+	int err = 0, correct_index = 0;
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree), credits;
+	struct ext3_extent_header *eh;
+	unsigned a, b, block, num;
+
+	ext_debug(tree, "remove [%lu:%lu] in leaf\n", start, end);
+	if (!path[depth].p_hdr)
+		path[depth].p_hdr = EXT_BLOCK_HDR(path[depth].p_bh);
+	eh = path[depth].p_hdr;
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_num <= eh->e_max);
+	EXT_ASSERT(eh->e_magic == EXT3_EXT_MAGIC);
+	
+	/* find where to start removing */
+	le = ex = EXT_LAST_EXTENT(eh);
+	while (ex != EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh)) {
+		if (ex->e_block <= end)
+			break;
+		ex--;
+	}
+
+	if (start > ex->e_block && end < ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1) {
+		/* removal of internal part of the extent requested
+		 * tail and head must be placed in different extent
+		 * so, we have to insert one more extent */
+		path[depth].p_ext = ex;
+		return ext3_ext_split_for_rm(handle, tree, path, start, end);
+	}
+	
+	lu = ex;
+	while (ex >= EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh) &&
+			ex->e_block + ex->e_num > start) {
+		ext_debug(tree, "remove ext %u:%u\n", ex->e_block, ex->e_num);
+		path[depth].p_ext = ex;
+	
+		a = ex->e_block > start ? ex->e_block : start;
+		b = ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1 < end ?
+			ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1 : end;
+		
+		ext_debug(tree, "  border %u:%u\n", a, b);
+
+		if (a != ex->e_block && b != ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1) {
+			block = 0;
+			num = 0;
+			BUG();
+		} else if (a != ex->e_block) {
+			/* remove tail of the extent */
+			block = ex->e_block;
+			num = a - block;
+		} else if (b != ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1) {
+			/* remove head of the extent */
+			block = a;
+			num = b - a;
+		} else {
+			/* remove whole extent: excelent! */
+			block = ex->e_block; 
+			num = 0;
+			EXT_ASSERT(a == ex->e_block &&
+					b == ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1);
+		}
+
+		if (ex == EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(eh))
+			correct_index = 1;
+
+		credits = 1;
+		if (correct_index)
+			credits += (EXT_DEPTH(tree) * EXT3_ALLOC_NEEDED) + 1;
+		if (tree->remove_extent_credits)
+			credits += tree->remove_extent_credits(tree, ex, a, b);
+		
+		handle = ext3_ext_journal_restart(handle, credits);
+		if (IS_ERR(handle)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(handle);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path + depth);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (tree->remove_extent)
+			err = tree->remove_extent(tree, ex, a, b);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (num == 0) {
+			/* this extent is removed entirely mark slot unused */
+			ex->e_start = 0;
+			eh->e_num--;
+			fu = ex;
+		}
+
+		ex->e_block = block;
+		ex->e_num = num;
+
+		err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path + depth);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		ext_debug(tree, "new extent: %u:%u:%u\n",
+				ex->e_block, ex->e_num, ex->e_start);
+		ex--;
+	}
+
+	if (fu) {
+		/* reuse unused slots */
+		while (lu < le) {
+			if (lu->e_start) {
+				*fu = *lu;
+				lu->e_start = 0;
+				fu++;
+			}
+			lu++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (correct_index && eh->e_num)
+		err = ext3_ext_correct_indexes(handle, tree, path);
+
+	/* if this leaf is free, then we should
+	 * remove it from index block above */
+	if (err == 0 && eh->e_num == 0 && path[depth].p_bh != NULL)
+		err = ext3_ext_rm_idx(handle, tree, path + depth);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+static struct ext3_extent_idx *
+ext3_ext_last_covered(struct ext3_extent_header *hdr, unsigned long block)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_idx *ix;
+	
+	ix = EXT_LAST_INDEX(hdr);
+	while (ix != EXT_FIRST_INDEX(hdr)) {
+		if (ix->e_block <= block)
+			break;
+		ix--;
+	}
+	return ix;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns 1 if current index have to be freed (even partial)
+ */
+static int inline
+ext3_ext_more_to_rm(struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	EXT_ASSERT(path->p_idx);
+
+	if (path->p_idx < EXT_FIRST_INDEX(path->p_hdr))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * if truncate on deeper level happened it it wasn't partial
+	 * so we have to consider current index for truncation
+	 */
+	if (path->p_hdr->e_num == path->p_block)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int ext3_ext_remove_space(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = tree->inode;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	int depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	struct ext3_ext_path *path;
+	handle_t *handle;
+	int i = 0, err = 0;
+
+	ext_debug(tree, "space to be removed: %lu:%lu\n", start, end);
+
+	/* probably first extent we're gonna free will be last in block */
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, depth + 1);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		return PTR_ERR(handle);
+
+	ext3_ext_invalidate_cache(tree);
+
+	/*
+	 * we start scanning from right side freeing all the blocks
+	 * after i_size and walking into the deep
+	 */
+	path = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ext3_ext_path) * (depth + 1), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (IS_ERR(path)) {
+		ext3_error(sb, "ext3_ext_remove_space",
+				"Can't allocate path array");
+		ext3_journal_stop(handle, inode);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	memset(path, 0, sizeof(struct ext3_ext_path) * (depth + 1));
+	path[i].p_hdr = EXT_ROOT_HDR(tree);
+	
+	while (i >= 0 && err == 0) {
+		if (i == depth) {
+			/* this is leaf block */
+			err = ext3_ext_rm_leaf(handle, tree, path, start, end);
+			/* root level have p_bh == NULL, brelse() eats this */
+			brelse(path[i].p_bh);
+			i--;
+			continue;
+		}
+		
+		/* this is index block */
+		if (!path[i].p_hdr) {
+			ext_debug(tree, "initialize header\n");
+			path[i].p_hdr = EXT_BLOCK_HDR(path[i].p_bh);
+		}
+
+		EXT_ASSERT(path[i].p_hdr->e_num <= path[i].p_hdr->e_max);
+		EXT_ASSERT(path[i].p_hdr->e_magic == EXT3_EXT_MAGIC);
+		
+		if (!path[i].p_idx) {
+			/* this level hasn't touched yet */
+			path[i].p_idx =
+				ext3_ext_last_covered(path[i].p_hdr, end);
+			path[i].p_block = path[i].p_hdr->e_num + 1;
+			ext_debug(tree, "init index ptr: hdr 0x%p, num %d\n",
+					path[i].p_hdr, path[i].p_hdr->e_num);
+		} else {
+			/* we've already was here, see at next index */
+			path[i].p_idx--;
+		}
+
+		ext_debug(tree, "level %d - index, first 0x%p, cur 0x%p\n",
+				i, EXT_FIRST_INDEX(path[i].p_hdr),
+				path[i].p_idx);
+		if (ext3_ext_more_to_rm(path + i)) {
+			/* go to the next level */
+			ext_debug(tree, "move to level %d (block %d)\n",
+					i + 1, path[i].p_idx->e_leaf);
+			memset(path + i + 1, 0, sizeof(*path));
+			path[i+1].p_bh = sb_bread(sb, path[i].p_idx->e_leaf);
+			if (!path[i+1].p_bh) {
+				/* should we reset i_size? */
+				err = -EIO;
+				break;
+			}
+			/* put actual number of indexes to know is this
+			 * number got changed at the next iteration */
+			path[i].p_block = path[i].p_hdr->e_num;
+			i++;
+		} else {
+			/* we finish processing this index, go up */
+			if (path[i].p_hdr->e_num == 0 && i > 0) {
+				/* index is empty, remove it
+				 * handle must be already prepared by the
+				 * truncate_leaf() */
+				err = ext3_ext_rm_idx(handle, tree, path + i);
+			}
+			/* root level have p_bh == NULL, brelse() eats this */
+			brelse(path[i].p_bh);
+			i--;
+			ext_debug(tree, "return to level %d\n", i);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* TODO: flexible tree reduction should be here */
+	if (path->p_hdr->e_num == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * truncate to zero freed all the tree
+		 * so, we need to correct e_depth
+		 */
+		err = ext3_ext_get_access(handle, tree, path);
+		if (err == 0) {
+			EXT_ROOT_HDR(tree)->e_depth = 0;
+			err = ext3_ext_dirty(handle, tree, path);
+		}
+	}
+
+	kfree(path);
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle, inode);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * called at mount time
+ */
+void ext3_ext_init(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	/*
+	 * possible initialization would be here
+	 */
+
+	if (test_opt(sb, EXTENTS)) {
+		printk("EXT3-fs: file extents enabled");
+#ifdef AGRESSIVE_TEST
+		printk(", agressive tests");
+#endif
+#ifdef CHECK_BINSEARCH
+		printk(", check binsearch");
+#endif
+		printk("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * called at umount time
+ */
+void ext3_ext_release(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+}
+
+/************************************************************************
+ * VFS related routines
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+static int ext3_get_inode_write_access(handle_t *handle, void *buffer)
+{
+	/* we use in-core data, not bh */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ext3_mark_buffer_dirty(handle_t *handle, void *buffer)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = buffer;
+	ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ext3_ext_mergable(struct ext3_extent *ex1,
+				struct ext3_extent *ex2)
+{
+	if (ex1->e_start + ex1->e_num == ex2->e_start)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_remove_blocks_credits(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_extent *ex,
+				unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
+{
+	int needed;
+	
+	/* at present, extent can't cross block group */;
+	needed = 3; /* bitmap + group desc + sb */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	needed += 2 * EXT3_SINGLEDATA_TRANS_BLOCKS;
+#endif
+	return needed;
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_remove_blocks(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_extent *ex,
+				unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
+{
+	int needed = ext3_remove_blocks_credits(tree, ex, from, to);
+	handle_t *handle = ext3_journal_start(tree->inode, needed);
+
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		return PTR_ERR(handle);
+	if (from >= ex->e_block && to == ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1) {
+		/* tail removal */
+		unsigned long num, start;
+		num = ex->e_block + ex->e_num - from;
+		start = ex->e_start + ex->e_num - num;
+		ext_debug(tree, "free last %lu blocks starting %lu\n",
+				num, start);
+		ext3_free_blocks(handle, tree->inode, start, num);
+	} else if (from == ex->e_block && to <= ex->e_block + ex->e_num - 1) {
+		printk("strange request: removal %lu-%lu from %u:%u\n",
+			from, to, ex->e_block, ex->e_num);
+	} else {
+		printk("strange request: removal(2) %lu-%lu from %u:%u\n",
+			from, to, ex->e_block, ex->e_num);
+	}
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle, tree->inode);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ext3_ext_find_goal(struct inode *inode,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path)
+{
+	struct ext3_inode_info *ei = EXT3_I(inode);
+	unsigned long bg_start;
+	unsigned long colour;
+	int depth;
+	
+	if (path) {
+		depth = path->p_depth;
+		/* try to find previous block */
+		if (path[depth].p_ext)
+			return path[depth].p_ext->e_start +
+				path[depth].p_ext->e_num;
+		
+		/* it looks index is empty
+		 * try to find starting from index itself */
+		if (path[depth].p_bh)
+			return path[depth].p_bh->b_blocknr;
+	}
+
+	/* OK. use inode's group */
+	bg_start = (ei->i_block_group * EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb)) +
+		le32_to_cpu(EXT3_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_es->s_first_data_block);
+	colour = (current->pid % 16) *
+			(EXT3_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb) / 16);
+	return bg_start + colour;
+}
+
+static int ext3_new_block_cb(handle_t *handle, struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+				struct ext3_extent *ex, int *err)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = tree->inode;
+	int newblock, goal;
+	
+	EXT_ASSERT(path);
+	EXT_ASSERT(ex);
+	EXT_ASSERT(ex->e_start);
+	EXT_ASSERT(ex->e_num);
+	
+	/* reuse block from the extent to order data/metadata */
+	newblock = ex->e_start++;
+	ex->e_num--;
+	if (ex->e_num == 0) {
+		ex->e_num = 1;
+		/* allocate new block for the extent */
+		goal = ext3_ext_find_goal(inode, path);
+		ex->e_start = ext3_new_block(handle, inode, goal, 0, 0, err);
+		if (ex->e_start == 0) {
+			/* error occured: restore old extent */
+			ex->e_start = newblock;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return newblock;
+}
+
+static void ext3_init_tree_desc(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+				struct inode *inode)
+{
+	tree->inode = inode;
+	tree->root = (void *) EXT3_I(inode)->i_data;
+	tree->get_write_access = ext3_get_inode_write_access;
+	tree->mark_buffer_dirty = ext3_mark_buffer_dirty;
+	tree->mergable = ext3_ext_mergable;
+	tree->new_block = ext3_new_block_cb;
+	tree->remove_extent = ext3_remove_blocks;
+	tree->remove_extent_credits = ext3_remove_blocks_credits;
+	tree->buffer = (void *) inode;
+	tree->buffer_len = sizeof(EXT3_I(inode)->i_data);
+	tree->cex = (struct ext3_extent *) &EXT3_I(inode)->i_cached_extent;
+}
+
+#if EXT3_MULTIBLOCK_ALLOCATOR
+static int
+ext3_ext_new_extent_cb(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+			struct ext3_extent *newex, int exist)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = tree->inode;
+	int count, err, goal;
+	loff_t new_i_size;
+	handle_t *handle;
+	unsigned long pblock;
+
+	if (exist)
+		return EXT_CONTINUE;
+
+	count = ext3_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(tree, path);
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, count + EXT3_ALLOC_NEEDED + 1);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		return PTR_ERR(handle);
+
+	goal = ext3_ext_find_goal(inode, path);
+	count = newex->e_num;
+	pblock = ext3_new_blocks(handle, inode, &count, goal, &err);
+	EXT_ASSERT(count <= newex->e_num);
+	/* FIXME: error handling here */
+	EXT_ASSERT(err == 0);
+
+	/* insert new extent */
+	newex->e_start = pblock;
+	newex->e_num = count;
+	err = ext3_ext_insert_extent(handle, tree, path, newex);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+
+	/* correct on-disk inode size */
+	if (newex->e_num > 0) {
+		new_i_size = (loff_t) newex->e_block + newex->e_num;
+		new_i_size = new_i_size << inode->i_blkbits;
+		if (new_i_size > EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize) {
+			EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = new_i_size;
+			err = ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle, inode);
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+int ext3_ext_allocate_nblocks(struct inode *inode, unsigned long block,
+				unsigned long num)
+{
+	struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+	int err;
+
+	ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+	ext_debug(&tree, "blocks %lu-%lu requested for inode %u\n",
+			block, block + num,(unsigned) inode->i_ino);
+	down_write(&EXT3_I(inode)->truncate_sem);
+	err = ext3_ext_walk_space(&tree, block, num, ext3_ext_new_extent_cb);
+	ext3_ext_invalidate_cache(&tree);
+	up_write(&EXT3_I(inode)->truncate_sem);
+
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+int ext3_ext_get_block(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
+			long iblock, struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
+{
+	struct ext3_ext_path *path = NULL;
+	struct ext3_extent newex;
+	struct ext3_extent *ex;
+	int goal, newblock, err = 0, depth;
+	struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+
+	clear_bit(BH_New, &bh_result->b_state);
+	ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+	ext_debug(&tree, "block %d requested for inode %u\n",
+			(int) iblock, (unsigned) inode->i_ino);
+	down_write(&EXT3_I(inode)->truncate_sem);
+
+	/* check in cache */
+	if (ext3_ext_in_cache(&tree, iblock, &newex)) {
+		if (newex.e_start == 0xffffffff && !create) {
+			/* block isn't allocated yet and
+			 * user don't want to allocate it */
+			goto out2;
+		} else if (newex.e_start) {
+			/* block is already allocated */
+			newblock = iblock - newex.e_block + newex.e_start;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* find extent for this block */
+	path = ext3_ext_find_extent(&tree, iblock, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(path)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(path);
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(&tree);
+
+	/*
+	 * consistent leaf must not be empty
+	 * this situations is possible, though, _during_ tree modification
+	 * this is why assert can't be put in ext3_ext_find_extent()
+	 */
+	EXT_ASSERT(path[depth].p_ext != NULL || depth == 0);
+
+	if ((ex = path[depth].p_ext)) {
+		/* if found exent covers block, simple return it */
+		if (iblock >= ex->e_block && iblock < ex->e_block + ex->e_num) {
+			newblock = iblock - ex->e_block + ex->e_start;
+			ext_debug(&tree, "%d fit into %d:%d -> %d\n",
+					(int) iblock, ex->e_block, ex->e_num,
+					newblock);
+			ext3_ext_put_in_cache(&tree, ex);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * requested block isn't allocated yet
+	 * we couldn't try to create block if create flag is zero 
+	 */
+	if (!create) {
+		/* put just found gap into cache to speedup subsequest reqs */
+		ext3_ext_put_gap_in_cache(&tree, path, iblock);
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	/* allocate new block */
+	goal = ext3_ext_find_goal(inode, path);
+	newblock = ext3_new_block(handle, inode, goal, 0, 0, &err);
+	if (!newblock)
+		goto out2;
+	ext_debug(&tree, "allocate new block: goal %d, found %d\n",
+			goal, newblock);
+
+	/* try to insert new extent into found leaf and return */
+	newex.e_block = iblock;
+	newex.e_start = newblock;
+	newex.e_num = 1;
+	err = ext3_ext_insert_extent(handle, &tree, path, &newex);
+	if (err)
+		goto out2;
+	
+	if (inode->i_size > EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize)
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+
+	/* previous routine could use block we allocated */
+	newblock = newex.e_start;
+	set_bit(BH_New, &bh_result->b_state);
+
+	ext3_ext_put_in_cache(&tree, &newex);
+out:
+	ext3_ext_show_leaf(&tree, path);
+	set_bit(BH_Mapped, &bh_result->b_state);
+	bh_result->b_dev = inode->i_sb->s_dev;
+	bh_result->b_blocknr = newblock;
+out2:
+	if (path) {
+		ext3_ext_drop_refs(path);
+		kfree(path);
+	}
+	up_write(&EXT3_I(inode)->truncate_sem);
+
+	return err;	
+}
+
+void ext3_ext_truncate(struct inode * inode)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+	unsigned long last_block;
+	handle_t *handle;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * probably first extent we're gonna free will be last in block
+	 */
+	err = ext3_writepage_trans_blocks(inode) + 3;
+	handle = ext3_journal_start(inode, err);
+	if (IS_ERR(handle))
+		return;
+
+	ext3_block_truncate_page(handle, mapping, inode->i_size);
+
+	down_write(&EXT3_I(inode)->truncate_sem);
+	ext3_ext_invalidate_cache(&tree);
+
+	/* 
+	 * TODO: optimization is possible here
+	 * probably we need not scaning at all,
+	 * because page truncation is enough
+	 */
+	if (ext3_orphan_add(handle, inode))
+		goto out_stop;
+
+	/* we have to know where to truncate from in crash case */
+	EXT3_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_size;
+	ext3_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
+
+	last_block = (inode->i_size + sb->s_blocksize - 1)
+			>> EXT3_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb);
+	err = ext3_ext_remove_space(&tree, last_block, 0xffffffff);
+	
+	/* In a multi-transaction truncate, we only make the final
+	 * transaction synchronous */
+	if (IS_SYNC(inode))
+		handle->h_sync = 1;
+
+out_stop:
+	/*
+	 * If this was a simple ftruncate(), and the file will remain alive
+	 * then we need to clear up the orphan record which we created above.
+	 * However, if this was a real unlink then we were called by
+	 * ext3_delete_inode(), and we allow that function to clean up the
+	 * orphan info for us.
+	 */
+	if (inode->i_nlink)
+		ext3_orphan_del(handle, inode);
+
+	up_write(&EXT3_I(inode)->truncate_sem);
+	ext3_journal_stop(handle, inode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * this routine calculate max number of blocks we could modify
+ * in order to allocate new block for an inode
+ */
+int ext3_ext_writepage_trans_blocks(struct inode *inode, int num)
+{
+	struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+	int needed;
+	
+	ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+	
+	needed = ext3_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(&tree, NULL);
+
+	/* caller want to allocate num blocks */
+	needed *= num;
+	
+#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
+	/* 
+	 * FIXME: real calculation should be here
+	 * it depends on blockmap format of qouta file
+	 */
+	needed += 2 * EXT3_SINGLEDATA_TRANS_BLOCKS;
+#endif
+
+	return needed;
+}
+
+void ext3_extents_initialize_blockmap(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+
+	ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+	ext3_extent_tree_init(handle, &tree);
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_ext_store_extent_cb(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+			struct ext3_extent *newex, int exist)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_buf *buf = (struct ext3_extent_buf *) tree->private;
+
+	if (!exist)
+		return EXT_CONTINUE;
+	if (buf->err < 0)
+		return EXT_BREAK;
+	if (buf->cur - buf->buffer + sizeof(*newex) > buf->buflen)
+		return EXT_BREAK;
+
+	if (!copy_to_user(buf->cur, newex, sizeof(*newex))) {
+		buf->err++;
+		buf->cur += sizeof(*newex);
+	} else {
+		buf->err = -EFAULT;
+		return EXT_BREAK;
+	}
+	return EXT_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int
+ext3_ext_collect_stats_cb(struct ext3_extents_tree *tree,
+			struct ext3_ext_path *path,
+			struct ext3_extent *ex, int exist)
+{
+	struct ext3_extent_tree_stats *buf =
+		(struct ext3_extent_tree_stats *) tree->private;
+	int depth;
+
+	if (!exist)
+		return EXT_CONTINUE;
+
+	depth = EXT_DEPTH(tree);
+	buf->extents_num++;
+	if (path[depth].p_ext == EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(path[depth].p_hdr))
+		buf->leaf_num++;
+	return EXT_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+int ext3_ext_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
+		unsigned long arg)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (cmd == EXT3_IOC_GET_EXTENTS) {
+		struct ext3_extent_buf buf;
+		struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+
+		if (copy_from_user(&buf, (void *) arg, sizeof(buf)))
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+		buf.cur = buf.buffer;
+		buf.err = 0;
+		tree.private = &buf;
+		err = ext3_ext_walk_space(&tree, buf.start, 0xffffffff,
+						ext3_ext_store_extent_cb);
+		if (err == 0)
+			err = buf.err;
+	} else if (cmd == EXT3_IOC_GET_TREE_STATS) {
+		struct ext3_extent_tree_stats buf;
+		struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+
+		ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+		buf.depth = EXT_DEPTH(&tree);
+		buf.extents_num = 0;
+		buf.leaf_num = 0;
+		tree.private = &buf;
+		err = ext3_ext_walk_space(&tree, 0, 0xffffffff,
+						ext3_ext_collect_stats_cb);
+		if (!err)
+			err = copy_to_user((void *) arg, &buf, sizeof(buf));
+	} else if (cmd == EXT3_IOC_GET_TREE_DEPTH) {
+		struct ext3_extents_tree tree;
+		ext3_init_tree_desc(&tree, inode);
+		err = EXT_DEPTH(&tree);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
Index: linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/ialloc.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/fs/ext3/ialloc.c	2004-01-14 02:58:45.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/ialloc.c	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -592,11 +592,13 @@
  		iloc.bh = NULL;
  		goto fail;
  	}
+	if (test_opt(sb, EXTENTS)) {
+		EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags |= EXT3_EXTENTS_FL;
+		ext3_extents_initialize_blockmap(handle, inode);
+	}
  	err = ext3_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &iloc);
  	if (err) goto fail;
  
-
-	
 	unlock_super (sb);
 	if(DQUOT_ALLOC_INODE(inode)) {
 		DQUOT_DROP(inode);
Index: linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/inode.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/fs/ext3/inode.c	2004-01-14 02:58:45.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/inode.c	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -848,6 +848,15 @@
 	goto reread;
 }
 
+static inline int
+ext3_get_block_wrap(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode, long block,
+		struct buffer_head *bh, int create)
+{
+	if (EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags & EXT3_EXTENTS_FL)
+		return ext3_ext_get_block(handle, inode, block, bh, create);
+	return ext3_get_block_handle(handle, inode, block, bh, create);
+}
+
 /*
  * The BKL is not held on entry here.
  */
@@ -861,7 +870,7 @@
 		handle = ext3_journal_current_handle();
 		J_ASSERT(handle != 0);
 	}
-	ret = ext3_get_block_handle(handle, inode, iblock, bh_result, create);
+	ret = ext3_get_block_wrap(handle, inode, iblock, bh_result, create);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -879,7 +888,7 @@
 	dummy.b_state = 0;
 	dummy.b_blocknr = -1000;
 	buffer_trace_init(&dummy.b_history);
-	*errp = ext3_get_block_handle(handle, inode, block, &dummy, create);
+	*errp = ext3_get_block_wrap(handle, inode, block, &dummy, create);
 	if (!*errp && buffer_mapped(&dummy)) {
 		struct buffer_head *bh;
 		bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, dummy.b_blocknr);
@@ -1403,7 +1412,7 @@
  * This required during truncate. We need to physically zero the tail end
  * of that block so it doesn't yield old data if the file is later grown.
  */
-static int ext3_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle,
+int ext3_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle,
 		struct address_space *mapping, loff_t from)
 {
 	unsigned long index = from >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
@@ -1888,6 +1897,9 @@
 
 	ext3_discard_prealloc(inode);
 
+	if (EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags & EXT3_EXTENTS_FL)
+		return ext3_ext_truncate(inode);
+
 	handle = start_transaction(inode);
 	if (IS_ERR(handle))
 		return;		/* AKPM: return what? */
@@ -2536,6 +2548,9 @@
 	int indirects = (EXT3_NDIR_BLOCKS % bpp) ? 5 : 3;
 	int ret;
 	
+	if (EXT3_I(inode)->i_flags & EXT3_EXTENTS_FL)
+		return ext3_ext_writepage_trans_blocks(inode, bpp);
+
 	if (ext3_should_journal_data(inode))
 		ret = 3 * (bpp + indirects) + 2;
 	else
@@ -2972,7 +2987,7 @@
 
 	/* alloc blocks one by one */
 	for (i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
-		ret = ext3_get_block_handle(handle, inode, blocks[i],
+		ret = ext3_get_block_wrap(handle, inode, blocks[i],
 						&bh_tmp, 1);
 		if (ret)
 			break;
@@ -3048,7 +3063,7 @@
                 if (blocks[i] != 0)
                         continue;
 
-                rc = ext3_get_block_handle(handle, inode, iblock, &bh, 1);
+                rc = ext3_get_block_wrap(handle, inode, iblock, &bh, 1);
                 if (rc) {
                         printk(KERN_INFO "ext3_map_inode_page: error %d "
                                "allocating block %ld\n", rc, iblock);
Index: linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/Makefile
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/fs/ext3/Makefile	2004-01-14 02:58:45.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/Makefile	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 obj-y    := balloc.o bitmap.o dir.o file.o fsync.o ialloc.o inode.o iopen.o \
 		ioctl.o namei.o super.o symlink.o hash.o ext3-exports.o \
-		xattr_trusted.o
+		xattr_trusted.o extents.o
 obj-m    := $(O_TARGET)
 
 export-objs += xattr.o
Index: linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/super.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/fs/ext3/super.c	2004-01-14 02:58:45.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/super.c	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -530,6 +530,7 @@
 	int i;
 
 	J_ASSERT(sbi->s_delete_inodes == 0);
+	ext3_ext_release(sb);
 	ext3_xattr_put_super(sb);
 	journal_destroy(sbi->s_journal);
 	if (!(sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY)) {
@@ -702,6 +703,10 @@
 				return 0;
 			}
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp (this_char, "extents"))
+			set_opt (*mount_options, EXTENTS);
+		else if (!strcmp (this_char, "extdebug"))
+			set_opt (*mount_options, EXTDEBUG);
 		else if (!strcmp (this_char, "grpid") ||
 			 !strcmp (this_char, "bsdgroups"))
 			set_opt (*mount_options, GRPID);
@@ -1392,6 +1397,8 @@
 		test_opt(sb,DATA_FLAGS) == EXT3_MOUNT_ORDERED_DATA ? "ordered":
 		"writeback");
 
+	ext3_ext_init(sb);
+
 	return sb;
 
 failed_mount3:
Index: linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/ioctl.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/fs/ext3/ioctl.c	2004-01-14 02:58:42.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/fs/ext3/ioctl.c	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -174,6 +174,10 @@
 			return ret;
 		}
 #endif
+	case EXT3_IOC_GET_EXTENTS:
+	case EXT3_IOC_GET_TREE_STATS:
+	case EXT3_IOC_GET_TREE_DEPTH:
+		return ext3_ext_ioctl(inode, filp, cmd, arg);
 	default:
 		return -ENOTTY;
 	}
Index: linux-2.4.24/include/linux/ext3_fs.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/include/linux/ext3_fs.h	2004-01-14 02:58:45.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/include/linux/ext3_fs.h	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
 #define EXT3_IMAGIC_FL			0x00002000 /* AFS directory */
 #define EXT3_JOURNAL_DATA_FL		0x00004000 /* file data should be journaled */
 #define EXT3_RESERVED_FL		0x80000000 /* reserved for ext3 lib */
+#define EXT3_EXTENTS_FL			0x00080000 /* Inode uses extents */
 
 #define EXT3_FL_USER_VISIBLE		0x00005FFF /* User visible flags */
 #define EXT3_FL_USER_MODIFIABLE		0x000000FF /* User modifiable flags */
@@ -208,6 +209,9 @@
 #ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
 #define EXT3_IOC_WAIT_FOR_READONLY	_IOR('f', 99, long)
 #endif
+#define	EXT3_IOC_GET_EXTENTS		_IOR('f', 5, long)
+#define	EXT3_IOC_GET_TREE_DEPTH		_IOR('f', 6, long)
+#define	EXT3_IOC_GET_TREE_STATS		_IOR('f', 7, long)
 
 /*
  * Structure of an inode on the disk
@@ -327,6 +331,8 @@
 #define EXT3_MOUNT_IOPEN		0x8000	/* Allow access via iopen */
 #define EXT3_MOUNT_IOPEN_NOPRIV		0x10000	/* Make iopen world-readable */
 #define EXT3_MOUNT_ASYNCDEL		0x20000 /* Delayed deletion */
+#define EXT3_MOUNT_EXTENTS		0x100000/* Extents support */
+#define EXT3_MOUNT_EXTDEBUG		0x200000/* Extents debug */
 
 /* Compatibility, for having both ext2_fs.h and ext3_fs.h included at once */
 #ifndef _LINUX_EXT2_FS_H
@@ -688,6 +694,7 @@
 extern unsigned long ext3_count_free (struct buffer_head *, unsigned);
 
 /* inode.c */
+extern int ext3_block_truncate_page(handle_t *, struct address_space *, loff_t);
 extern int ext3_forget(handle_t *, int, struct inode *, struct buffer_head *, int);
 extern struct buffer_head * ext3_getblk (handle_t *, struct inode *, long, int, int *);
 extern struct buffer_head * ext3_bread (handle_t *, struct inode *, int, int, int *);
@@ -769,6 +776,14 @@
 extern struct inode_operations ext3_symlink_inode_operations;
 extern struct inode_operations ext3_fast_symlink_inode_operations;
 
+/* extents.c */
+extern int ext3_ext_writepage_trans_blocks(struct inode *, int);
+extern int ext3_ext_get_block(handle_t *, struct inode *, long,
+				struct buffer_head *, int);
+extern void ext3_ext_truncate(struct inode *);
+extern void ext3_ext_init(struct super_block *);
+extern void ext3_ext_release(struct super_block *);
+extern void ext3_extents_initialize_blockmap(handle_t *, struct inode *);
 
 #endif	/* __KERNEL__ */
 
Index: linux-2.4.24/include/linux/ext3_extents.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/include/linux/ext3_extents.h	2003-01-30 13:24:37.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/include/linux/ext3_extents.h	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2003 Alex Tomas <alex@clusterfs.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public Licens
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_EXT3_EXTENTS
+#define _LINUX_EXT3_EXTENTS
+
+/*
+ * with AGRESSIVE_TEST defined capacity of index/leaf blocks
+ * become very little, so index split, in-depth growing and
+ * other hard changes happens much more often
+ * this is for debug purposes only
+ */
+#define AGRESSIVE_TEST
+
+/*
+ * if CHECK_BINSEARCH defined, then results of binary search
+ * will be checked by linear search
+ */
+#define CHECK_BINSEARCH
+
+/*
+ * if EXT_DEBUG is defined you can use 'extdebug' mount option
+ * to get lots of info what's going on
+ */
+#define EXT_DEBUG
+#ifdef EXT_DEBUG
+#define ext_debug(tree,fmt,a...) 			\
+do {							\
+	if (test_opt((tree)->inode->i_sb, EXTDEBUG))	\
+		printk(fmt, ##a);			\
+} while (0);
+#else
+#define ext_debug(tree,fmt,a...)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * if EXT_STATS is defined then stats numbers are collected
+ * these number will be displayed at umount time
+ */
+#define EXT_STATS_
+
+
+#define EXT3_ALLOC_NEEDED	2	/* block bitmap + group descriptor */
+
+/*
+ * ext3_inode has i_block array (total 60 bytes)
+ * first 4 bytes are used to store:
+ *  - tree depth (0 mean there is no tree yet. all extents in the inode)
+ *  - number of alive extents in the inode
+ */
+
+/*
+ * this is extent on-disk structure
+ * it's used at the bottom of the tree
+ */
+struct ext3_extent {
+	__u32	e_block;	/* first logical block extent covers */
+	__u32	e_start;	/* first physical block extents lives */
+	__u32	e_num;		/* number of blocks covered by extent */
+};
+
+/*
+ * this is index on-disk structure
+ * it's used at all the levels, but the bottom
+ */
+struct ext3_extent_idx {
+	__u32	e_block;	/* index covers logical blocks from 'block' */
+	__u32	e_leaf;		/* pointer to the physical block of the next *
+				 * level. leaf or next index could bet here */
+};
+
+/*
+ * each block (leaves and indexes), even inode-stored has header
+ */
+struct ext3_extent_header {	
+	__u16	e_magic;	/* probably will support different formats */	
+	__u16	e_num;		/* number of valid entries */
+	__u16	e_max;		/* capacity of store in entries */
+	__u16	e_depth;	/* has tree real underlaying blocks? */
+};
+
+#define EXT3_EXT_MAGIC		0xf301
+
+/*
+ * array of ext3_ext_path contains path to some extent
+ * creation/lookup routines use it for traversal/splitting/etc
+ * truncate uses it to simulate recursive walking
+ */
+struct ext3_ext_path {
+	__u32				p_block;
+	__u16				p_depth;
+	struct ext3_extent		*p_ext;
+	struct ext3_extent_idx		*p_idx;
+	struct ext3_extent_header	*p_hdr;
+	struct buffer_head		*p_bh;
+};
+
+/*
+ * structure for external API
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ * ext3_extents_tree is used to pass initial information
+ * to top-level extents API
+ */
+struct ext3_extents_tree {
+	struct inode *inode;	/* inode which tree belongs to */
+	void *root;		/* ptr to data top of tree resides at */
+	void *buffer;		/* will be passed as arg to ^^ routines	*/
+	int buffer_len;
+	void *private;
+	struct ext3_extent *cex;/* last found extent */
+	int (*get_write_access)(handle_t *h, void *buffer);
+	int (*mark_buffer_dirty)(handle_t *h, void *buffer);
+	int (*mergable)(struct ext3_extent *ex1, struct ext3_extent *ex2);
+	int (*remove_extent_credits)(struct ext3_extents_tree *,
+					struct ext3_extent *, unsigned long,
+					unsigned long);
+	int (*remove_extent)(struct ext3_extents_tree *,
+				struct ext3_extent *, unsigned long,
+				unsigned long);
+	int (*new_block)(handle_t *, struct ext3_extents_tree *,
+				struct ext3_ext_path *, struct ext3_extent *,
+				int *);
+};
+
+/*
+ * to be called by ext3_ext_walk_space()
+ * negative retcode - error
+ * positive retcode - signal for ext3_ext_walk_space(), see below
+ * callback must return valid extent (passed or newly created)
+ */
+typedef int (*ext_prepare_callback)(struct ext3_extents_tree *,
+					struct ext3_ext_path *,
+					struct ext3_extent *, int);
+
+#define EXT_CONTINUE	0
+#define EXT_BREAK	1
+
+
+#define EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(__hdr__) \
+	((struct ext3_extent *) (((char *) (__hdr__)) +		\
+				 sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header)))
+#define EXT_FIRST_INDEX(__hdr__) \
+	((struct ext3_extent_idx *) (((char *) (__hdr__)) +	\
+				     sizeof(struct ext3_extent_header)))
+#define EXT_HAS_FREE_INDEX(__path__) \
+	((__path__)->p_hdr->e_num < (__path__)->p_hdr->e_max)
+#define EXT_LAST_EXTENT(__hdr__) \
+	(EXT_FIRST_EXTENT((__hdr__)) + (__hdr__)->e_num - 1)
+#define EXT_LAST_INDEX(__hdr__) \
+	(EXT_FIRST_INDEX((__hdr__)) + (__hdr__)->e_num - 1)
+#define EXT_MAX_EXTENT(__hdr__) \
+	(EXT_FIRST_EXTENT((__hdr__)) + (__hdr__)->e_max - 1)
+#define EXT_MAX_INDEX(__hdr__) \
+	(EXT_FIRST_INDEX((__hdr__)) + (__hdr__)->e_max - 1)
+
+#define EXT_ROOT_HDR(tree) \
+	((struct ext3_extent_header *) (tree)->root)
+#define EXT_BLOCK_HDR(bh) \
+	((struct ext3_extent_header *) (bh)->b_data)
+#define EXT_DEPTH(_t_)	\
+	(((struct ext3_extent_header *)((_t_)->root))->e_depth)
+
+
+#define EXT_ASSERT(__x__) if (!(__x__)) BUG();
+
+
+/*
+ * this structure is used to gather extents from the tree via ioctl
+ */
+struct ext3_extent_buf {
+	unsigned long start;
+	int buflen;
+	void *buffer;
+	void *cur;
+	int err;
+};
+
+/*
+ * this structure is used to collect stats info about the tree
+ */
+struct ext3_extent_tree_stats {
+	int depth;
+	int extents_num;
+	int leaf_num;
+};
+
+extern int ext3_extent_tree_init(handle_t *, struct ext3_extents_tree *);
+extern int ext3_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(struct ext3_extents_tree *, struct ext3_ext_path *);
+extern int ext3_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *, struct ext3_extents_tree *, struct ext3_ext_path *, struct ext3_extent *);
+extern int ext3_ext_walk_space(struct ext3_extents_tree *, unsigned long, unsigned long, ext_prepare_callback);
+extern int ext3_ext_remove_space(struct ext3_extents_tree *, unsigned long, unsigned long);
+extern struct ext3_ext_path * ext3_ext_find_extent(struct ext3_extents_tree *, int, struct ext3_ext_path *);
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_EXT3_EXTENTS */
+
Index: linux-2.4.24/include/linux/ext3_fs_i.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.4.24.orig/include/linux/ext3_fs_i.h	2004-01-24 19:30:22.000000000 +0300
+++ linux-2.4.24/include/linux/ext3_fs_i.h	2004-01-26 23:17:19.000000000 +0300
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@
 	 * by other means, so we have truncate_sem.
 	 */
 	struct rw_semaphore truncate_sem;
+
+	__u32 i_cached_extent[3];
 };
 
 #endif	/* _LINUX_EXT3_FS_I */